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City Walls Marmara Walls Land Walls |
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 The
walls surrounding İstanbul constituted "the most prominent
weapon" of the city, which is
significant since the city had been the victim of blockades
several times and had to defend itself
against multiple armies that attempted to conquer it.
Unfortunately, most of the city's walls are not standing today.
Of istanbul's walls, which were built by the Byzantine Emperor
Theodosius 11,those standing today belong to three different
sections, "the Golden Horn Walls," "the Marmara Walls" and "the
Land Walls."
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 The
walls extending from the shores of the Golden Horn in Ayvansaray
to the shores of the Marmara Sea in Yedikule are called the "City
Land Walls." istanbul's City Land Walls, which could be
considered one of the most advanced defense plans of late
Antiquity, had guarded the city for approximately a millennium.
The most significant feature of the City Land Walls is that they
were built with three barriers, or layers, in contrast to other
city walls. The main walls are situated at the rear, then a
trench, then the second, outer line of the walls. These Land
Walls, which are 6.5 km long, were damaged during the Ottoman
blockade, but they were restored after the Ottoman conquest of
the city, and they are the most durable of the remaining walls
of the city.
The Marmara City Walls are located between Sarayburnu and
Yedikule along the shoreline. These city walls were built to
guard the city against military attacks from the sea. The
Marmara City Walls, most of which have been damaged, were 8.5 km
long at first. The height of the walls
was between 12 and 15 meters on average, but the bastions are 20
meters in height. Some parts of
these walls, which have 188 bastions and 36 gates in total, were
damaged in the following centuries due to the construction of
railways and overland routes.
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The Golden Horn City Walls between Ayvansaray andSarayburnu,
which cross the entire Golden Horn, are comprised of only one
wall.
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Anatolian Kavak and Lighthouse